- Funding:
- ETH Research and Teaching Assistantship (August,
1989 - July, 1992)
- ETH Doctoral Research Fellow (August, 1989
- July, 1992)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Scholarship
(August, 1992 - December, 1992)
- Visiting Doctoral Research Fellow (January,
1993 - June, 1993)
-
- Supervisor:
- Prof. Dr. John G. Ramsay CBE FRS
-
- Courses attended:
- Winter Semester 1989/1990:
- Geology of the Alps III, Quaternary Geology
of the eastern Alps and eastern Switzerland, Theoretical tectonics,
Structural Geology II, Structural Geology Practical II, Tectonics
II, Structural Petrology II, Structural Petrology practical II,
Rheology of rocks, Metamorphic Geology, Metamorphic Geology practical,
Doctor research seminars, Structural Geology seminars, Geological
colloquiums, Geological seminars and visiting lecturers.
-
- Summer Semester 1990:
- Geology of Switzerland II, Photogeology II,
Theoretical Structural Geology II, Theoretical Structural Geology
Practical II, Field excursions, Gemmology, Geology of the Alps
IV, Theoretical Petrology, Rock Microscopy II, Doctor research
seminars, Structural geology seminars, Geological colloquiums,
Geological seminars and visiting lecturers.
-
- Winter Semester 1990/91:
- Structural Geology III, Structural Geology
Practical III, Tectonics III, Tectonics of the eastern Alps,
Exploration methods in geology, Geology, Energy and Environmental
Sciences, Isotope Geochemistry of sedimentary systems, Exploration
and analysis of mineral deposits, Isotope geology, Rheology of
the Earth and Dynamics, Mass Spectrometer Isotope analysis, Laboratory
methods in Sedimentary Petrology and sediment petrography, Transport
processes in underground systems, Doctor research seminars, Structural
geology seminars, Geological colloquiums and seminars, visiting
lecturers.
-
- Summer Semester 1991:
- Applied tectonics II, Doctor research seminars,
Structural geology seminars, Geological colloquiums and seminars,
visiting lecturers.
-
- Winter Semester 1991/2:
- Subduction Zones (Thermal, petrological and
tectonic processes), Tectonics IV, Introduction to Geostatistics,
Fluid Inclusion Studies, Fluid Inclusion Studies Practical, Doctor
research seminars, Structural geology seminars, Geological colloquiums
and seminars, visiting lecturers.
-
- Summer Semester 1992:
- Fractal Geometry of Time, Doctor research
seminars, Structural geology seminars, Geological colloquiums
and seminars, visiting lecturers.
-
- Winter Semester 1992/3:
- Doctor research seminars, Structural geology
seminars, Geological colloquiums and seminars, visiting lecturers.
-
- Summer Semester 1993:
- Doctor research seminars, Structural geology
seminars, Geological colloquiums and seminars, visiting lecturers.
-
- Instruments used:
- Electron microprobe, Scanning Electron Microscope,
Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX energy dispersive detachments,
X-ray diffraction spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrography
(Bulk mineral and rare earth element analysis), Mass spectrometer,
Cathodluminescance Microscope, Microthermometry Microscope, Polarizing
and Optical Microscope.
-
- Techniques used:
- Rock cutting, rock grinding and powdering,
thin section preparation, staining techniques, transmitted optical
microscopy, reflected light microscopy, crushing and sieving,
mineral separation methods.
-
- Project:
- Tectonics of the Higher Himalaya of NE Pakistan.
-
- Project description:
- Geological reconnaissance and investigation
of a region of approximately one thousand square kilometers to
unravel the structural, stratigraphical, metamorphic and tectonic
setting of location of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline tectonic
unit in the NW Himalayas, NE Pakistan. The project mainly utilised
modern structural geology techniques (microstructure, macrostructure
and megastructure) to assist in the understanding of processes
that took place at deep levels in the crust during the formation
of the Himalaya. Field mapping at 1:50 000 with detailed profile
mapping were carried out where necessary. Results proved that
the Upper Kaghan Nappe is the deepest derived nappe of the Indian
Plate with the first ever recording of high pressure-medium temperature
eclogite facies metamorphism for the Himalayan belt. Conclusions
and interpretations related to regional and plate scale settings
resulting in new models for the plate tectonic evolution of the
Himalayan orogenic belt. Project included extensive collaboration
with scientists at the ETH, other Universities and research institutions
for analytical methods (e.g., Geochronology).
-
- General:
- Attended tutorials, colloquia, symposia,
seminars, lectures, Mittelbau meetings (for Doctoral students
and Oberassistants), Doctoral students meetings, Institute meetings
committee meetings for selection of Oberassistants and Professors,
Geological Society lectures and Geological Society field trips.
-
- Thesis Proposal Examination (Zulassungsprüfung):
- June, 1990 Viva Voce
- Examiners:
- Structural Geology (Prof. Dr. J.G. Ramsay)
- Tectonics (PD Dr. D. Dietrich)
- Metamorphic Geology (Prof. Dr. V. Trommsdorff)
-
- Designation Awarded:
- Cand. DrScNat ETHZ
-
- Thesis:
- "Tectonics of the Higher- and Tethyan
Himalaya, Upper Kaghan Valley, NW Himalaya, Pakistan: Implications
of an early collisional, high pressure (eclogite facies) metamorphism
to the Himalayan belt."
-
- Thesis statistics:
- 4 Volumes with 1,119 pages, 400,000 words,
1,484 figures, 115 tables, 10 Appendix and 9 plates.
-
- Sample Collection:
- Presentation of a Doctor of Natural Sciences
Thesis Belegsammlung (Collection) to the Swiss Federal Institute
of Technology (ETH-Zürich), Switzerland
-
- Tray 1 (Sample Numbers 89/1-89/101)
- Tray 2 (Sample Numbers 89/103-90/178)
- Tray 3 (Sample Numbers 90/179-90/221)
-
- Thesis defence examination:
- 11 June, 1993. Viva Voce
-
- Thesis Examiners:
- Prof. Dr. J. G. Ramsay (ETH-Zürich,
Switzerland)
- Prof. Dr. G. Martinotti (University of Turin,
Italy)
-
- President of the Examination Committee:
- Prof. Dr. R.H. Steiger (ETH-Zürich,
Switzerland)
- Thesis approved by the Department of Earth
Sciences on 8 July, 1993.
-
- Title received:
- Doctor of Natural Sciences (Doktor der Naturwissenschaften)
- (lat.: Doctor scientiarum naturalium
- Dr. sc. nat.).
- Title approved by the Swiss Federal Institute
of Technology on 22 December, 1993.
-
- Designation Awarded:
- DrScNat ETHZ
-
- Credential Evaluation:
- The degree of Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
(Doctor of Natural Sciences), awarded by the Federal Institute
of Technology, Zurich, by research and dissertation in natural
sciences, represents the equivalent of an earned doctorate (Ph.D.)
in geology from an accredited institution in the United States
(Report of Evaluation of Educational Credentials, World Education
Services Inc., USA).
-
- Academic Dress:
- No academic costume, nor any form of academic
insignia, is used by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
However, the Swiss universities prescribe for Doctor of Natural
Sciences degree a Swiss or German style black cloth robe with
faculty colours shown on the robe in the shape of a scarf-like
(epitoge) appendage on the shoulder/neck and as a facing on the
front of the robe. For natural sciences the colour is green.
A black cloth bonnet with a green tassle is worn.
-
- Academic Ranking:
- In the 2003 Academic Ranking of Universities,
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich was placed
at number 25 amongst the Top 500 World Universities and at No.
5 amongst the Top 100 European Universities.
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