- Job Title:
- Structural Geology Consultant
-
- Job description:
- Reservoir Development Structural Geologist
(or "production geologist" or "development geologist")
analyzing detailed Structural Geology, Stratigraphy and Geophysics
around offshore hydrocarbon deposits along the Norwegian Continental
Margin to determine how to most economically recover the hydrocarbons
in the field. Work involved the methodology of the geological
description of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the analysis of reservoir
quality at both the exploration and development scales in the
North Sea. Quality control included applied reservoir quality
characterisation and modelling. Work specialised in Geological
Reservoir Characterisation from outcrop Analogues (Clastic depositional
systems, Fluvial systems, Shallow-Marine Systems, Turbidite Systems,
Carbonate Depositional Systems, Paleokarst Reservoirs, Miocene
Carbonate Reservoir Models, Fault Systems and constructional
Cross-Sections).
-
- The company offered a broad palette of geological,
geophysical, petrophysical and integrated services. The core
businesses include oil and gas industry related studies for exploration
and production and cover all aspects of:
- Acreage evaluation
- Play evaluation
- Prospect evaluation
- Field evaluation
-
- Professional interpretation of geophysical
and geological data:
- Structural and seismic stratigraphic analyses
of seismic data including detailed structural mapping of reservoirs
based on 3D seismic and wells
- Sequence stratigraphic analyses
- Integration with well data
- Log evaluations and Interpretation of available
well logs
- Hydrocarbon habitat studies
- Field studies
- Detailed field analyses
- Reservoir modelling
- Reservoir simulation
- Reservoir management
- Evaluation of geological, geophysical, petrophysical
and production data
- Construction of full 3D deterministic models
- Construction of full 3D stochastic models
- Quantification of uncertainty
- Interaction with the flow simulator
- History matching of producing wells
- Optimization of well locations for horizontal
wells
-
- Project title:
- Stress-Controlled Fault Modeling in the
North Sea
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
-
- Description:
 Published
research has demonstrated that the preferred fluid flow direction
is parallel, or sub-parallel to SHmax, the larger horizontal
principal stress. This is because this stress plane experiences
the least amount of deformation and is therefore the path of
easiest penetration for fluids. Further invesitigations were
carried out on creating Models using Algor to mimic the stress
data obtained from wells, and generate a map of SHmax stress
trajectories, which can be interpreted as preferred flow direction
across the entire field. In other words, we would now be able
to predict stress magnitudes and orientations across the field
based on the data that were previously obtained. There still
remains a huge potential for the successful outcome of this type
of work to have long term and cost effective results.
-
- Project title:
- Software development of PixAt
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
-
- In collaboration with:
- Geomodeling Corporation, 300, 840-6th Avenue,
S. W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3E5, Canada
-
- Description:
- AttWorks was the first integrated package
to predict reservoir attributes from seismic attributes and well
data. Designed for a reservoir modeling team consisting of reservoir
geologists, geophysicists and engineers, AttWorks provided an
integrated environment optimised for data loading; on-line attribute
calculation, interactive interpretation and advanced geomodeling
toolboxes. AttWorks includes graphical user-interfaces with unprecedented
ease-of-use. AttWorks was a one-package solution for integrated
reservoir heterogeneity prediction from seismic attributes. It
consisted of 7 modules in an integrated environment. The following
models were tested:
- PixAt (Interactive calculation of pixel attributes
on seismic horizon data)
- VoxAt (Interactive calculation of 3-D seismic
attributes)
- FauTrack (Interactive tracking of fault traces
and fault planes from 2-D attribute images or 3-D cubes)
- FauModel (Interactive modeling of fault networks)
- MulSta (Multivariate statistical toolbox
for seismic attributes analysis)
- GeoSta (Multivariate geostatistical toolbox
for heterogeneity prediction from seismic attributes and well
data)
-
- PIXAT was the first seismic attribute analysis
and fault track software available for use with the Microsoft
Windows operating system. Designed for the interpretive geophysicist
and geologist, PIXAT provided an intuitive user interface optimised
for loading surface data interpreted from 3-D seismic data; real-time
surface attribute processing and analysis, fault-tracking and
editing, statistical modeling of fault networks, and fault parameter
calculations from attribute maps. PIXAT combined advanced techniques
of fault tracking and attribute analysis features with unprecedented
ease-of-use and strict adherence to Microsoft user-interface
standards.
-
- The following PIXAT Features were tested:
- Fast algorithms of attribute generation,
such as dip, dip azimuth, strike, Gaussian curvature, second-order
derivatives and local variability maps. Attributes can be calculated
for any derived attribute maps in an iterative manner (attributes
of attributes).
- Flexible and easy-to-use attribute filtering
functions, to remove noise and enhance lineament (median filter,
Gaussian filter, average filter, direction filters, and non-linear
filters).
- Grid math between any selected pair of attributes
(add, minus, min, max etc.).
- User-controlled fault-trace tracking (one-seed,
multiple seeds, and manually digitizing).
- Automatic calculation of fault parameters
along tracked fault traces (throw, dip, dip azimuth, length and
maximum displacement).
- Lively linked display of fault parameter
profiles.
- Spatial statistical modeling of fault populations
(statistical distributions of fault size, dip, dip azimuth).
- Synchronize window size and cursor positions
for any number of attribute maps.
- Cross-section views along any directions.
Synchronize cursor positions between sections and image views.
- Flexible project management functions. All
input and results in a project are organized in tree view. Press-and-click
to any attribute windows, cross plots, and cross sections and
attribute analysis results.
- Import horizon maps (e.g, two-way time and
amplitude map) from any seismic interpretation software (like
Landmark and GeoQuest systems, IRAP, and IRAP-RMS).
- Export attributes and tracked fault data
(coordinates and fault parameters) into industry standard format.
-
- The following were calculated and tested:
-
- Seismic Attributes:
- Instantaneous dip.
- Instantaneous dip-azimuth
- Instantaneous strike.
- Instantaneous Gaussian curvature.
- Instantaneous variability.
- Eigen texture vectors.
- Second-order derivatives,
-
- Lineament Enhancement and Spatial Filtering:
- Median filtering.
- Roberts gradient filtering
- Prewett filtering.
- Sobel filtering.
- Shaded relief images.
- User-defined filters.
-
- Multivariate Statistical Analysis:
- Principal components of multi-attributes.
- Factor analysis of attributes.
- Discriminate analysis of litho-facies.
- Interactive clustering analysis.
- Segmentation of attribute facies.
-
- Built-in Geostatistical Tool Box:
- Variogram modeling.
- Various kriging and co-kriging
- Conditional Simulation.
-
- Fault Tracking and Editing:
- Automatic tracking
- Interactive tracking.
- Manual interpretation
- Interactive editing
-
- Spatial Modeling of Fault Population:
- Pair correlation and L-function.
- Fault length distribution.
- Dip azimuth distribution.
- Dip distribution modeling.
- Max. Displacement distribution
- Length-displacement correlation.
-
- Flexible Input Data Format:
- 2D & 3D EG-Y files.
- Horizon data from seismic interpretation
software.
- Binary grids.
-
- Visualization:
- Synchronize multiple attributes view window
(the same cursor position and window size for all attribute display
windows).
- Cross-plots between any attributes.
- Real-time change of color-maps. 20 standard
color maps built-in. Easy to customize and edit.
- Flexible transform between attribute data
and color-map index.
-
- Project title:
- Geomechanical Properties of faults
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
- Geo-mechanical properties of faults were
evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. Different fault
systems were evaluated theoretically at different stages of the
burial history for different properties. Performed an study of
a fault zone (rock mechanical testing and petrographic analysis).
-
- Project title:
- Theoretical understanding of geo-mechanical
properties in finite element modelling
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
- Assessed the import parameters that were
used in Finite Element Modelling of hydrocarbon reservoirs. It
was unclear what differences, in particular values, would be
needed to get a significant variation in stress trajectory orientation.
The work was a theoretical study based on a idealised reservoir
model and fault system. The faults were separately modelled with
respect to the reservoir model and had different geo-mechanical
properties applied to them to note the variations in changes.
Numerous iterations of all the various properties were necessary
to get a clear understanding of both the variations necessary
in the data and the variations resulting in the finite element
grid / stress trajectories / magnitudes etc.
-
- Project title:
- Large scale reservoir behaviour
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
- This project was an attempt to address the
problems associated with predicting the large scale behaviour
of rocks during petroleum operations. This was due to incompatibilities
in upscaling laboratory results to reservoir scales as well as
different behaviour of what is expected when only looking at
cores. The project reviewed geomechanical literature to establish
values for the fundamental parameters on the large scale; analysed
the upscaling laws, and then analyse field data of large scale
phenomena to either confirm or modify the results obtained. It
then investigated these phenomena by:undertaking analytical and
numerical models, incorporating field data into the models.
-
- Project title:
- Geomechanical Upscaling
-
- Geologist:
- Consultant - Dr. David A. Spencer
- This project assesed important parameters
that were used in Finite Element Modelling of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
The project gave better input to finite element modelling by
giving the 3 dimensional distribution of rock mechanical parameters.
Used a stochastic modelling tool for Geomechanical upscaling
that related parameters like porosity which were frequently modelled.
Tested out a link between petrophysical parameters and rock mechanical
properties with the upscaling of Geomechanical parameters to
the relevant size of the grid.
|
